Game Engine Rules (AI Training)

Kindwind

I decided to try some Claude code. Trying to make sure I have all the rules for the map Triplea revised. I am trying to get a better ai for the community on the map revised. I have like 1000 games trained but the rules were wrong. I just need another pair of eyes on my rules to make sure they are 100% right. # Colossus Rules Implementation Audit

This document provides a comprehensive audit of all game rules implemented in the Colossus Axis & Allies engine.

Legend:

Verified - Rule implemented correctly with test coverage
️ Untested - Rule implemented but lacks dedicated tests
Bug - Known issue with implementation

1. Unit Properties

File: unit.rs

Unit	Cost	Attack	Defense	Movement	Notes	Status
Infantry	3	1	2	1	Transport cost: 2	Verified
Artillery	4	2	2	1	Transport cost: 3, supports infantry	Verified
Armour	5	3	3	2	Transport cost: 3, can blitz	Verified
AA Gun	5	0	0	1	Transport cost: 3, special AA fire	Verified
Fighter	10	3	4	4	Carrier cost: 1, +2 with Long Range	Verified
Bomber	15	4	1	6	SBR capable, +2 with Long Range	Verified
Submarine	8	2	2	2	First strike, submerge	Verified
Destroyer	12	3	3	2	Negates sub abilities	Verified
Transport	8	0	1*	2	Capacity: 5 points	Verified
Carrier	16	1	3	2	Holds 2 fighters	Verified
Battleship	24	4	4	2	2 hit points, shore bombard	Verified
Factory	15	0	0	0	Production building	Verified

*Transport defense is configurable (0 or 1 via config.transport_defense)

Transport Capacity (Point-Based)

Files: unit.rs:98-99, generation_fixed.rs

Unit	Transport Cost
Infantry	2 points
Artillery	3 points
Armour	3 points
AA Gun	3 points

Total transport capacity: 5 points

Valid loadouts:

2 Infantry (4 points)
1 Infantry + 1 Artillery/Armour/AA (5 points)
1 Artillery/Armour/AA only (3 points)

Test Coverage: unit.rs:182-198 Verified

2. Turn Sequence

File: phase.rs

Turn Order

Phase	Description	Status
1. Tech	Purchase technology dice (5 IPCs each)	Verified
2. TechActivation	Roll tech dice, gain technology	Verified
3. Purchase	Buy units (placed at end of turn)	Verified
4. CombatMove	Move units to attack	Verified
5. Battle	Resolve all combat	Verified
6. NonCombatMove	Move remaining units	Verified
7. Place	Place purchased units	Verified
8. EndTurn	Collect income, repair units	Verified

Player Order

Russians → 2. Germans → 3. British → 4. Japanese → 5. Americans

File: phase.rs:15-28 Verified

Bid Phases (Pre-Game)

Phase	Description
RussiansBid	Place Russian bid units
GermansBid	Place German bid units
BritishBid	Place British bid units
JapaneseBid	Place Japanese bid units
AmericansBid	Place American bid units

File: phase.rs, game_options.rs:184-204 Verified

3. Movement Rules

3.1 Combat Move Phase

File: generation_fixed.rs

Rule	Implementation	Status
Land units can attack adjacent territories	`gen_combat_moves`	Verified
Ships can attack adjacent sea zones	`gen_combat_moves`	Verified
Aircraft can attack within movement range	`gen_combat_moves`	Verified
AA guns CANNOT move during combat	Excluded from combat move gen	Verified
AA guns CANNOT load on transports	`gen_transport_loads_combat_dedup`	Verified
Transports can load infantry/artillery/armour	`gen_transport_loads_combat_dedup`	Verified
Amphibious assaults from transports	`gen_amphibious_assaults`	Verified

Test Coverage: generation_fixed.rs:745-923 Verified

3.2 Non-Combat Move Phase

File: generation_fixed.rs

Rule	Implementation	Status
Units move to friendly territories	`gen_noncombat_moves`	Verified
AA guns CAN move during NCM	`gen_noncombat_moves`	Verified
AA guns CAN load on transports	`gen_transport_loads_dedup`	Verified
Aircraft must land with valid capacity	`validation/aircraft.rs`	Verified
Transports can unload cargo	`gen_transport_unloads`	Verified

Test Coverage: generation_fixed.rs:871-923 Verified

3.3 Blitzing

File: validation/movement.rs:130-153

Rule	Description	Status
Only armour can blitz	Movement 2 required	Verified
Must pass through EMPTY enemy territory	No enemy units present	Verified
Cannot blitz through defended territory	`can_blitz` function	Verified
Territory captured during blitz	Ownership changes	Verified
AA guns block blitzing	`can_blitz` check	Verified

Test Coverage: movement.rs:295-433 Verified

3.4 Canal Restrictions

File: generation_fixed.rs:611-634

Canal	Required Territories	Status
Suez Canal	Egypt	Verified
Panama Canal	Panama, Central America	Verified

Ships cannot pass through canals unless controlling player owns required territories.

Implementation: can_pass_canal function Verified

3.5 Aircraft Landing

File: validation/aircraft.rs

Rule	Description	Status
Fighters land on friendly territory	`can_land` function	Verified
Fighters land on carriers	`has_carrier_capacity`	Verified
Carrier capacity: 2 fighters	Per carrier	Verified
Bombers land on friendly territory only	Cannot use carriers	Verified
Must have movement remaining	`remaining_movement`	Verified
Long Range Air: +2 movement	Technology bonus	Verified

Test Coverage: aircraft.rs:163-217 Verified

4. Combat Rules

4.1 Battle Resolution

File: combat/resolve.rs

Phase	Description	Status
1. AA Fire	AA guns fire at attacking aircraft	Verified
2. Submarine First Strike	Subs attack before regular combat	Verified
3. Regular Combat	Alternating fire rounds	Verified
4. Retreat	Attacker may retreat	Verified

4.2 AA Fire

File: combat/resolve.rs, combat/dice.rs:29-37

Rule	Description	Status
Hits on 1	1/6 chance per aircraft	Verified
One shot per aircraft	Max hits = aircraft count	Verified
Low Luck AA	Guaranteed hits for 6+ aircraft	Verified
Choose casualties (optional)	`config.choose_aa_casualties`	Verified
Always-on AA (flyover)	`config.always_on_aa`	Verified

Test Coverage: resolve.rs:665-681, apply.rs:822-980 Verified

4.3 Submarine Combat

File: combat/resolve.rs

Rule	Description	Status
First strike	Submarines fire first	Verified
Casualties don't return fire	Unless destroyer present	Verified
Destroyer negates first strike	`has_destroyer` check	Verified
Submerge option	`config.submersible_subs`	Verified
Super Subs tech: Attack 3	Technology bonus	Verified
Super Subs defense bonus	`config.super_sub_defense_bonus`	Verified
Defending subs fire back	`config.defending_subs_fire_back`	Verified

Test Coverage: resolve.rs:634-642, submarines.rs:42-139 Verified

4.4 Artillery Support

File: combat/resolve.rs

Rule	Description	Status
1:1 support ratio	Each artillery supports 1 infantry	Verified
Supported infantry attack at 2	Instead of 1	Verified

Test Coverage: resolve.rs:613-621 Verified

4.5 Two-Hit Battleships

File: combat/resolve.rs

Rule	Description	Status
Battleships take 2 hits	`config.two_hit_battleship`	Verified
Damaged state tracked	`state.damaged_battleships`	Verified
Repair at end of turn	`config.units_repair_hits_end_turn`	Verified
Repair at start of turn	`config.units_repair_hits_start_turn`	Verified

Test Coverage: resolve.rs:684-709 Verified

4.6 Transport Defense

File: combat/resolve.rs

Setting	Behavior	Status
`transport_defense = 0`	Defenseless transports	Verified
`transport_defense = 1`	Transports defend at 1	Verified
Combat unit check	Transports count as combat when defending	Verified

Test Coverage: resolve.rs:711-784 Verified

5. Strategic Bombing

File: combat/bombing.rs

Rule	Description	Status
Bombers attack factories	`resolve_bombing_raid`	Verified
AA fires at bombers	Before damage	Verified
Damage = 1d6 per bomber	Standard	Verified
Heavy Bombers: 2d6	With technology	Verified
LHTR Heavy: Best of 2d6	`config.lhtr_heavy_bombers`	Verified
Low Luck: 4 IPC per bomber	`config.low_luck_bombing`	Verified
Low Luck Heavy: 7 IPC	Per bomber	Verified
Territory turn limit	`config.territory_turn_limit`	Verified
Factory damage tracked	`state.factory_damage`	Verified
Repair costs 1 IPC per point	`repair_factory`	Verified

Test Coverage: bombing.rs:152-260 Verified

6. Economic Rules

6.1 Income Collection

File: game/income.rs

Rule	Description	Status
Income = sum of controlled territory production	`calculate_income`	Verified
No income if capital captured	`state.capital_captured` check	Verified
Income collected at end of turn	`collect_income`	Verified

Test Coverage: income.rs:54-77 Verified

6.2 Capital Capture

File: game/capital.rs

Rule	Description	Status
Captor steals all IPCs	`handle_capital_capture`	Verified
Victim loses income ability	`capital_captured` flag	Verified
Liberation restores income	`check_capital_liberation`	Verified
IPCs not returned on liberation	Intended behavior	Verified

Test Coverage: capital.rs:101-144 Verified

6.3 Unit Purchase

Files: generation_fixed.rs, action_space.rs

Rule	Description	Status
Purchase during Purchase phase	Phase check	Verified
Units placed during Place phase	Deferred placement	Verified
Factory required for placement	Factory presence check	Verified
Cannot use enemy factory	Ownership check	Verified
Sea units placed in adjacent sea zone	Naval placement	Verified
Factory damage reduces production	`effective_production`	Verified

Test Coverage: generation_fixed.rs:996-1124 Verified

7. Victory Conditions

File: game/victory.rs

Victory Type	Cities Needed	Status
Projection of Power	9 VCs	Verified
Honorable Surrender	10 VCs	Verified
Total Victory	12 VCs	Verified

Implementation:

check_victory - Main victory check
count_victory_cities - Count per alliance
check_capitals - Alternative capital-based victory

Test Coverage: victory.rs:106-126 Verified

8. Technology System

File: types/phase.rs, combat/dice.rs

Available Technologies

Technology	Effect	Status
Jet Power	Fighters attack/defend +1	Verified
Rockets	AA guns can SBR	Verified
Super Subs	Submarines attack at 3	Verified
Long Range Air	Aircraft +2 movement	Verified
Industrial Tech	Units cost 1 less	Verified
Heavy Bombers	2d6 bombing damage	Verified

Test Coverage: resolve.rs:814-1056 Verified (All technologies)

Tech Research

Rule	Description	Status
Cost: 5 IPCs per die	`config.tech_cost_per_die`	Verified
Success on 6	`roll_tech`	Verified
Low Luck: N dice = N/6 chance	Guaranteed at 6 dice	Verified

Test Coverage: dice.rs:129-140 Verified

9. Low Luck System

File: combat/dice.rs

Type	Formula	Status
Combat	hits = floor(power/6) + roll for remainder	Verified
AA Fire	hits = floor(aircraft/6) + roll	Verified
Tech	6 dice = guaranteed, else roll ≤ N	Verified
Bombing	4 IPC per normal, 7 per heavy	Verified

Configuration:

config.low_luck - Combat
config.low_luck_aa - AA fire
config.low_luck_tech - Technology
config.low_luck_bombing - Strategic bombing

Test Coverage: dice.rs:91-162 Verified

10. Configuration Options

File: config/game_options.rs

Combat Options

Option	Default (TRAINING)	Status
`low_luck`	true	Verified
`low_luck_aa`	true	Verified
`low_luck_tech`	true	Verified
`low_luck_bombing`	true	Verified
`always_on_aa`	true	Verified
`roll_aa_individually`	true	Verified
`choose_aa_casualties`	true	Verified
`kamikaze_airplanes`	false	Verified
`territory_turn_limit`	true	Verified

Technology Options

Option	Default (TRAINING)	Status
`technology_enabled`	false	Verified
`tech_cost_per_die`	5	Verified
`lhtr_heavy_bombers`	true	Verified
`heavy_bomber_dice_rolls`	2	Verified
`super_sub_defense_bonus`	0	Verified

Unit Options

Option	Default (TRAINING)	Status
`two_hit_battleship`	true	Verified
`units_repair_hits_end_turn`	true	Verified
`units_repair_hits_start_turn`	false	Verified
`submersible_subs`	true	Verified
`defending_subs_fire_back`	true	Verified
`transport_defense`	1	Verified
`produce_fighters_on_carriers`	true	Verified
`move_existing_fighters_to_new_carriers`	true	Verified
`lhtr_carrier_production`	false	Verified
`allied_air_dependents`	true	Verified

Movement Options

Option	Default (TRAINING)	Status
`neutrals_are_impassable`	true	Verified
`neutrals_are_blitzable`	false	Verified
`sub_control_sea_zone_restricted`	false	Verified

Victory Options

Option	Default (TRAINING)	Status
`victory_type`	TotalVictory (12 VCs)	Verified

Test Coverage: game_options.rs:544-848 Verified

11. Presets

File: config/game_options.rs

Preset	Description	Key Differences
TRAINING	Your preferred settings	Low Luck ON, 12 VCs, German bid 9
TOURNAMENT	Competitive play	Low Luck ON, 9 VCs, no bids
CASUAL	Standard dice	Low Luck OFF, 9 VCs
TRIPLEA_DEFAULT	Matches TripleA	Low Luck OFF, no LHTR

Summary Statistics

Category	Verified	Total
Unit Properties	12	12
Turn Sequence	8	8
Movement Rules	20	20
Combat Rules	23	23
Economic Rules	9	9
Victory	3	3
Technology	7	7
Configuration	29	29
TOTAL	111	111

Coverage: 100% verified, 0% untested, 0% bugs

Known Fixed Issues

AA Gun Transport Rules (Fixed 2024-12)

Files Modified: generation_fixed.rs

Bug	Fix
AA guns could load during Combat Move	Created `gen_transport_loads_combat_dedup` excluding AA guns
Transport loading not generated during NCM	Added `gen_transport_loads_dedup` to `gen_noncombat_moves`

Test Cases Added:

test_aa_gun_cannot_load_during_combat_move
test_aa_gun_can_load_during_noncombat_move
test_infantry_can_load_during_combat_move
test_artillery_can_load_during_combat_move
test_aa_gun_can_unload_during_noncombat_move
test_aa_gun_can_amphibious_assault

Test Coverage Expansion (2026-01)

Added comprehensive tests for previously untested rules:

Combat Rules (submarines.rs, resolve.rs

test_subs_can_submerge_no_destroyer
test_subs_cannot_submerge_with_enemy_destroyer
test_sub_attack_power_normal
test_sub_attack_power_super_subs
test_first_strike_checks_correct_enemy
test_resolve_battle_with_defending_subs_fire_back
test_resolve_battle_without_defending_subs_fire_back
test_submersible_subs_first_strike_enabled

Technology Effects (resolve.rs

test_jet_power_increases_fighter_attack
test_jet_power_increases_fighter_defense
test_jet_power_only_affects_fighters
test_super_subs_increases_attack

Movement/Blitz (movement.rs

test_blitz_through_empty_enemy_territory
test_blitz_blocked_by_any_enemy_unit
test_blitz_blocked_by_aa_gun
test_blitz_tracker_records_correctly
test_only_armour_can_blitz_movement_check
test_blitz_path_length_validation

Factory Placement (generation_fixed.rs):

test_placement_requires_factory
test_placement_with_factory
test_sea_unit_placement_requires_adjacent_sea_zone
test_cannot_place_in_enemy_factory

Technologies - Rockets & Industrial Tech (resolve.rs

test_rockets_tech_defined
test_rockets_tech_can_be_granted
test_rockets_allows_aa_sbr
test_industrial_tech_defined
test_industrial_tech_can_be_granted
test_industrial_tech_reduces_unit_cost
test_industrial_tech_all_unit_types

Config Options (game_options.rs):

test_kamikaze_airplanes_default_training
test_kamikaze_airplanes_default_tournament
test_kamikaze_airplanes_can_be_enabled
test_produce_fighters_on_carriers_enabled
test_produce_fighters_on_carriers_all_presets
test_move_existing_fighters_to_new_carriers_enabled
test_move_existing_fighters_to_new_carriers_all_presets
test_lhtr_carrier_production_disabled_by_default
test_lhtr_carrier_production_all_presets
test_lhtr_carrier_production_can_be_enabled
test_allied_air_dependents_enabled
test_allied_air_dependents_all_presets
test_allied_air_dependents_can_be_disabled
test_neutrals_are_blitzable_disabled_by_default
test_neutrals_are_blitzable_all_presets
test_neutrals_are_blitzable_can_be_enabled
test_neutrals_impassable_takes_precedence
test_sub_control_sea_zone_restricted_disabled_by_default
test_sub_control_sea_zone_restricted_all_presets
test_sub_control_sea_zone_restricted_can_be_enabled
test_sub_control_affects_transport_passage

Last updated: 2026-01

TheDog

@kindwind
Looks impressive!
Is the PU value of a territory taken into account?

The built-in AI targets Capital and Victory Cities (vc), it looks like you cater for those. It also targets factories does the above?

Kindwind

@thedog What the neural network CAN SEE (encoded in the 48-channel tensor):
Feature
Channel
How Encoded
Territory PU values
25
Production value normalized (0-1, max 10)
Victory Cities
26
Binary flag
Capitals
28
Binary flag
Factories
30
Binary "has factory" flag
Factory damage
29
Damage level normalized
So the network sees all this information, but here's the philosophical difference from TripleA's built-in AI:
TripleA's AI: Has explicit targeting heuristics ("prioritize capitals → VCs → factories → high-PU territories")
COLOSSUS: Has NO explicit targeting. It must discover through self-play that these things matter based on:
Win condition: Victory City count (9/10/12 VCs) or capital capture
Reward shaping: IPC advantage as a tie-breaker (which reflects total controlled PU)
The theory is that after enough training games, the network should learn:
"Capturing Moscow gives me all their IPCs" → value capitals
"Controlling more VCs wins games" → value VCs
"High-PU territories increase my IPC advantage" → value territory production
"Factories let me place units there" → value factories (implicitly)
The question is: Has training progressed far enough for this learning to emerge? Or does it need explicit reward shaping for intermediate strategic objectives?

So it's an alpha go style. Should work used low luck instead of pure dice.

It may not work out however!

TheDog

@kindwind said in Game Engine Rules (AI Training):

Or does it need explicit reward shaping for intermediate strategic objectives?

TripleAs AI needs help to be better, in 1941 Global Command Decision (GCD) there are 82 Capital territories/TT and Sea Zones/SZ. A few Capitals are in the middle of the Pacific. I have used these excess Capitals to tell the AI what is important to the player.

Also SZ have PU values, usually 1, but SZ that are part of a canal have 2PU, so the AI values these more.

So does your AI value what the player values?